作者： bharat.cn

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi joked that he does not mind being ‘memefied,’ after a photo of him gazing at the last solar eclipse of the decade has become viral.
“Like many Indians, I was enthusiastic about #solareclipse2019,” Modi wrote, while posting several pictures of himself gazing at the sky in protective shades.

“Unfortunately, I could not see the Sun due to cloud cover but I did catch glimpses of the eclipse in Kozhikode and other parts on live stream.”

The images were retweeted more than 5,500 times. One user suggested that the photo of the PM is turning into a meme, to which Modi simply replied: “Most welcome… enjoy :)”

The eclipse began on 8am local time on Thursday and was visible in most parts of India, with the best view in the southern states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.

The Moon passed between Earth and the Sun, but could not obscure the Sun completely, thus for a brief time creating an illuminated ‘Ring of Fire’.

People in India and other parts of Asia posted photos of the eclipse in different weather conditions.

Over 7,000 troops, which were deployed to the India-controlled Kashmir ahead of the withdrawal of its semi-autonomous status, are returning to their permanent bases due to the improved security situation.
A total of 72 companies drawn from various paramilitary branches were ordered to return from Kashmir on Monday, Indian media has reported. Each company comprises 100 people. The decision to scale down the presence of troops in the predominantly Muslim region was made as the government in New Delhi evaluated the security situation there as safer.
The units were drawn from the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), Border Security Force (BSF), Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), and the Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) and were sent to the Kashmir Valley earlier this year as part of a 43,000-strong surge.

The build-up of troops was ordered as the central government feared a surge of violence after it abrogated the special status for Jammu and Kashmir in August and brought the security presence in the area over the levels seen in the 1990s. The crackdown included curfews, house arrests of local politicians, and suppression of internet and cell phone services.

This week’s withdrawal follows a smaller drawdown of 2,000 men earlier this month.

印度房地产泡沫在缩小？

印度正在因住宅市场的混乱而动摇。由于2年前引进的法律规定和2018年秋季以来的信用紧缩，很多住宅建设项目出现延期或停工。此前提供贷款的非银行金融机构的不良债权增加，形成恶性循环。印度经济陷入2008年雷曼危机以来的低增长，在此背景下，房地产问题成为印度深层次的结构性问题之一。

 

“钱都交了，希望早点盖好我的房”，已支付200万卢比（约合人民币19.22万元）住房预付款的德里的一位公务员这样抱怨。

 

如今很多印度房地产开发项目陷入停滞。开发商虽然向买家收了预收款，但因工程停滞而无法交房等。印度大型房地产咨询企业阿纳洛克（Anarock）的数据显示，截至9月底，仅印度七大城市圈就有58万个项目陷入严重的工程延误或完全停工，售价相当于4.64万亿卢比。

 

印度的房地产建设项目（资料图）

认为事态严重的印度政府11月宣布，通过与国有金融机构的共同出资，设立为重启工程提供贷款的2500亿卢比的国营基金，但与问题整体的规模相比仍显得杯水车薪。

　

导致接连出现工程中止的是印度2017年5月引进的房地产开发调控法案。在此之前，印度的房地产开发项目属于名副其实的完全没有法律监管的地带。一般情况是开发商借助1张广告就向买家收取预收款，利用这笔资金支付材料费和工程费，然后建设住房。也就是说，开发商没有自有资本，完全依赖向购房者提前收取的资金来拓展业务。而且这笔资金被挪用的情况突出。

 

新法案规定，以各项目专用的纳入监管的账户来管理预收款。这样一来，原有的住宅项目多数突然陷入违法状态。未能返还挪用的资金，进而无法开设专用账户的项目无法注册，相继停工。

 

2018年秋季，因大型非银行金融机构的经营破产而发生的信用紧缩构成进一步打击。非银行金融机构陷入手头现金不足，依赖这些机构贷款的开发商相继出现债务违约。停工的房地产项目进一步增加。非银行金融机构的不良债权增加，在资金流入非银行金融机构和流出非银行金融机构两方面，都发生信用紧缩。

民间的住宅建设投资与汽车等耐用品消费、企业的设备投资等并驾齐驱，都是印度经济的民需的支柱之一。而且房产占到印度家庭资产的7成，如果价格崩溃，家庭的购买力和消费意愿将受到打击。

 

印度政府11月底发布的数据显示，7～9月国内生产总值（GDP）增长率为4.5％。是仅次于2013年1～3月的4.3％以来的低增速。印度中央银行12月5日把2019年度增长率预期下调至5.0％，创出2008年度以来最低，比10月的上次预期下调1.1个百分点。

 

普林斯顿大学客座教授阿什卡·莫迪（Ashoka Mody）表示，“此前通过基于借贷的房地产开发和建筑业推动经济增长的泡沫终于开始萎缩”，显示出悲观看法。